高考書面表達(dá)怎樣運(yùn)用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯

高考書面表達(dá)怎樣運(yùn)用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯

高考書面表達(dá)怎樣運(yùn)用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯   

　　近幾年的高考《考試說(shuō)明》中,關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔(很好)中有這樣一段話:"應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯;語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤,但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。"這就是說(shuō),學(xué)生僅運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,即使表達(dá)無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯(cuò)誤,目的在有意識(shí)地使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。高考把寫作要求提到了這樣一個(gè)高度,有利于反映學(xué)生的水平層次,有利于指導(dǎo)教學(xué)。原來(lái)"要點(diǎn)完整,語(yǔ)言無(wú)誤,行文連貫,表達(dá)清楚"的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就落后了。

　　在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,訓(xùn)練最多的,學(xué)生們也最習(xí)慣的是五種基本句型:①主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ);②主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ);③主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ);④主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ);⑤主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。用這些句型組織的句子單一、無(wú)生氣,不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受。客觀形勢(shì)對(duì)我們提出了高難度的要求,我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐?duì)書面表達(dá)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的操作?怎樣才能控制寫作呢?本文擬就這一課題進(jìn)行討論,希望能給學(xué)生以啟迪,調(diào)動(dòng)積極性,開拓思維,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神。

　　首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型,要靈活運(yùn)用各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),使文章有聲有色。

　　一、改變時(shí)態(tài)

　　例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)

　　There goes the bell! (高級(jí))

　　二、改變語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)

　　It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級(jí))

　　三、使用不定式

　　例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)

　　He is so kind as to help me.(高級(jí))

　　四、使用過(guò)去分詞

　　例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)

　　Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高級(jí))

　?、贠nce it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)

　　Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高級(jí))

　　五、使用V-ing形式

　　例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)

　　On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高級(jí))

　?、贗f the weather permits, I＇ll come tomorrow.(一般)

　　I＇ll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高級(jí))

　　六、使用名詞性從句

　　例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn＇t turn up.(一般)

　　The fact that he didn＇t turn up disappointed everybody.(高級(jí))

　?、贗 happened to have met him.(一般)

　　It happened that I had met him.(高級(jí))

　?、跿o his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)

　　What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高級(jí))

　　七、使用定語(yǔ)從句

　　例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)

　　The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級(jí))

　　八、使用狀語(yǔ)從句

　　例:①I won＇t believe what he says.(一般)

　　No matter what he says, I won＇t believe.(高級(jí))

　?、贗f you come back before six o＇clock, you can go out.(一般)

　　You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o＇clock.(高級(jí))

　?、跧f she doesn＇t agree, what shall we do?(一般)

　　Supposing that she doesn＇t agree, what shall we do?(高級(jí))

　　九、使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣